diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 322405e..43213f4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Passive, explainable movement-pattern observation for Purpur servers.
 
-Sentinel gives permitted operators bounded evidence of repeated suspicious on-foot horizontal movement and sustained unauthorized unsupported flight. It does not cancel movement, change flight permissions, punish players, persist player evidence, or export telemetry.
+Sentinel gives permitted operators bounded evidence of repeated suspicious on-foot horizontal movement, contextually impossible ground speed, and sustained unauthorized unsupported flight. Contextual ground-speed evidence uses server-authoritative movement attributes, locomotion state, and Speed/Slowness effects while retaining conservative geometry and lifecycle exclusions. It does not cancel movement, change flight permissions, punish players, persist player evidence, or export telemetry.
 
 ## Development
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/AlertDecision.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/AlertDecision.java
index 62c05ba..19fe390 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/AlertDecision.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/AlertDecision.java
@@ -8,16 +8,38 @@ public record AlertDecision(
         int breachCount,
         double peakSpeed,
         double capturedLimit,
+        double ratio,
+        int evidenceWindowSeconds,
         int eligibleTicks,
         double horizontalDistance,
         double verticalDisplacement) {
 
     public AlertDecision(UUID playerId, int breachCount, double peakSpeed, double capturedLimit) {
-        this(playerId, DetectionSignal.ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED, breachCount, peakSpeed, capturedLimit, 0, 0, 0);
+        this(playerId, DetectionSignal.ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED, breachCount, peakSpeed, capturedLimit,
+                peakSpeed / capturedLimit, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    public AlertDecision(UUID playerId, DetectionSignal signal, int breachCount, double peakSpeed,
+            double capturedLimit, int eligibleTicks, double horizontalDistance, double verticalDisplacement) {
+        this(playerId, signal, breachCount, peakSpeed, capturedLimit,
+                capturedLimit > 0 ? peakSpeed / capturedLimit : 0, 0,
+                eligibleTicks, horizontalDistance, verticalDisplacement);
+    }
+
+    public static AlertDecision absolute(UUID playerId, int breachCount, double observedSpeed,
+            double capturedLimit, int evidenceWindowSeconds) {
+        return new AlertDecision(playerId, DetectionSignal.ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED, breachCount,
+                observedSpeed, capturedLimit, observedSpeed / capturedLimit, evidenceWindowSeconds, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    public static AlertDecision contextual(UUID playerId, int breachCount, double observedSpeed,
+            double expectedLimit, int evidenceWindowSeconds) {
+        return new AlertDecision(playerId, DetectionSignal.CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED, breachCount,
+                observedSpeed, expectedLimit, observedSpeed / expectedLimit, evidenceWindowSeconds, 0, 0, 0);
     }
 
     public static AlertDecision flight(UUID playerId, FlightEvidence evidence) {
-        return new AlertDecision(playerId, evidence.signal(), 0, 0, 0, evidence.eligibleTicks(),
+        return new AlertDecision(playerId, evidence.signal(), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, evidence.eligibleTicks(),
                 evidence.horizontalDistance(), evidence.verticalDisplacement());
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/AtomicYamlSettingsStore.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/AtomicYamlSettingsStore.java
index 9e4b79b..365b2b6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/AtomicYamlSettingsStore.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/AtomicYamlSettingsStore.java
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ public final class AtomicYamlSettingsStore implements SettingsPersistence {
                     unsupported-hover-ticks: 30
                     unsupported-ascent-blocks: 2.0
                     unsupported-cruise-blocks: 10.0
+                    contextual-speed-ratio: 1.35
+                    contextual-minimum-excess: 0.10
                     """, StandardOpenOption.CREATE_NEW);
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/BukkitMovementListener.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/BukkitMovementListener.java
index e389612..2e69c22 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/BukkitMovementListener.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/BukkitMovementListener.java
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import java.util.function.LongSupplier;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import org.bukkit.GameMode;
 import org.bukkit.Location;
+import org.bukkit.attribute.Attribute;
 import org.bukkit.entity.Pose;
 import org.bukkit.Server;
 import org.bukkit.entity.Player;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ public final class BukkitMovementListener implements Listener {
     private final LongSupplier nanoTime;
     private final BiPredicate<Location, Location> ordinaryEnvironment;
     private final Function<Location, SupportState> supportState;
+    private final Function<Player, GroundMovementContext> groundMovementContext;
     private final Map<UUID, Location> lastFlightSamples = new HashMap<>();
 
     public BukkitMovementListener(Server server, MovementMonitor monitor, Supplier<SentinelSettings> settings, LongSupplier nanoTime) {
@@ -43,18 +45,28 @@ public final class BukkitMovementListener implements Listener {
 
     BukkitMovementListener(Server server, MovementMonitor monitor, Supplier<SentinelSettings> settings,
             LongSupplier nanoTime, BiPredicate<Location, Location> ordinaryEnvironment) {
-        this(server, monitor, settings, nanoTime, ordinaryEnvironment, MovementEnvironment::supportState);
+        this(server, monitor, settings, nanoTime, ordinaryEnvironment, MovementEnvironment::supportState,
+                BukkitMovementListener::groundContext);
     }
 
     BukkitMovementListener(Server server, MovementMonitor monitor, Supplier<SentinelSettings> settings,
             LongSupplier nanoTime, BiPredicate<Location, Location> ordinaryEnvironment,
             Function<Location, SupportState> supportState) {
+        this(server, monitor, settings, nanoTime, ordinaryEnvironment, supportState,
+                BukkitMovementListener::groundContext);
+    }
+
+    BukkitMovementListener(Server server, MovementMonitor monitor, Supplier<SentinelSettings> settings,
+            LongSupplier nanoTime, BiPredicate<Location, Location> ordinaryEnvironment,
+            Function<Location, SupportState> supportState,
+            Function<Player, GroundMovementContext> groundMovementContext) {
         this.server = server;
         this.monitor = monitor;
         this.settings = settings;
         this.nanoTime = nanoTime;
         this.ordinaryEnvironment = ordinaryEnvironment;
         this.supportState = supportState;
+        this.groundMovementContext = groundMovementContext;
     }
 
     @EventHandler(priority = EventPriority.MONITOR, ignoreCancelled = false)
@@ -69,7 +81,8 @@ public final class BukkitMovementListener implements Listener {
                 nanoTime.getAsLong(),
                 Objects.requireNonNull(from.getWorld()).getUID(),
                 Objects.requireNonNull(to.getWorld()).getUID(),
-                from.getX(), from.getZ(), to.getX(), to.getZ(), reason), settings.get());
+                from.getX(), from.getZ(), to.getX(), to.getZ(), reason,
+                reason == ExclusionReason.NONE ? groundMovementContext.apply(player) : null), settings.get());
     }
 
     @EventHandler(priority = EventPriority.MONITOR, ignoreCancelled = false)
@@ -145,14 +158,32 @@ public final class BukkitMovementListener implements Listener {
         if (player.isClimbing()) return ExclusionReason.CLIMBING;
         if (player.isRiptiding() || player.getPose() == Pose.SPIN_ATTACK) return ExclusionReason.RIPTIDE;
         if (player.getActivePotionEffects().stream().map(effect -> effect.getType().getKey().getKey())
-                .anyMatch(key -> key.equals("speed") || key.equals("slowness")
-                        || key.equals("jump_boost") || key.equals("levitation") || key.equals("slow_falling"))) {
+                .anyMatch(key -> key.equals("jump_boost") || key.equals("levitation") || key.equals("slow_falling"))) {
             return ExclusionReason.POTION_EFFECT;
         }
         if (!ordinaryEnvironment.test(from, to)) return ExclusionReason.ENVIRONMENT;
         return ExclusionReason.NONE;
     }
 
+    static GroundMovementContext groundContext(Player player) {
+        var movement = player.getAttribute(Attribute.MOVEMENT_SPEED);
+        if (movement == null || !Double.isFinite(movement.getValue()) || movement.getValue() <= 0) return null;
+        var sneaking = player.getAttribute(Attribute.SNEAKING_SPEED);
+        double sneakingMultiplier = sneaking == null ? 0.3 : sneaking.getValue();
+        if (!Double.isFinite(sneakingMultiplier) || sneakingMultiplier <= 0) return null;
+        int speed = effectAmplifier(player, "speed");
+        int slowness = effectAmplifier(player, "slowness");
+        return new GroundMovementContext(movement.getValue(), sneakingMultiplier, player.isSprinting(),
+                player.isSneaking(), player.isOnGround(), speed, slowness);
+    }
+
+    private static int effectAmplifier(Player player, String key) {
+        return player.getActivePotionEffects().stream()
+                .filter(effect -> effect.getType().getKey().getKey().equals(key))
+                .mapToInt(org.bukkit.potion.PotionEffect::getAmplifier)
+                .max().orElse(-1);
+    }
+
     private static boolean authorizedFlight(Player player) {
         return player.getGameMode() == GameMode.CREATIVE
                 || player.getGameMode() == GameMode.SPECTATOR
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/DetectionSignal.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/DetectionSignal.java
index 599a9bf..bf876db 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/DetectionSignal.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/DetectionSignal.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package games.dmg.purpursentinel;
 
 public enum DetectionSignal {
     ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED,
+    CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED,
     UNAUTHORIZED_FLIGHT_STATE,
     UNSUPPORTED_ASCENT,
     UNSUPPORTED_HOVER,
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/FlightDetector.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/FlightDetector.java
index b07d693..889ac98 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/FlightDetector.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/FlightDetector.java
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ final class FlightDetector {
             case UNSUPPORTED_HOVER -> state.hoverTicks >= settings.unsupportedHoverTicks();
             case UNSUPPORTED_CRUISE -> state.cruiseTicks >= settings.unsupportedFlightTicks()
                     && state.horizontalDistance >= settings.unsupportedCruiseBlocks();
-            case ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED -> false;
+            case ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED, CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED -> false;
         };
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/GroundMovementContext.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/GroundMovementContext.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d7d212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/GroundMovementContext.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package games.dmg.purpursentinel;
+
+public record GroundMovementContext(
+        double movementSpeedAttribute,
+        double sneakingMultiplier,
+        boolean sprinting,
+        boolean sneaking,
+        boolean grounded,
+        int speedAmplifier,
+        int slownessAmplifier) {
+    private static final double ATTRIBUTE_TO_BLOCKS_PER_TICK = 2.2;
+    private static final double SPRINT_MULTIPLIER = 1.3;
+    private static final double AIRBORNE_MOMENTUM_MULTIPLIER = 1.3;
+
+    public GroundMovementContext {
+        if (!Double.isFinite(movementSpeedAttribute) || movementSpeedAttribute <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("movement speed attribute must be positive and finite");
+        }
+        if (!Double.isFinite(sneakingMultiplier) || sneakingMultiplier <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("sneaking multiplier must be positive and finite");
+        }
+        if (speedAmplifier < -1 || slownessAmplifier < -1) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("effect amplifiers must be -1 or greater");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static GroundMovementContext walking(double movementSpeedAttribute) {
+        return withEffects(movementSpeedAttribute, false, false, true, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    public static GroundMovementContext sprinting(double baseMovementSpeedAttribute, boolean grounded) {
+        return withEffects(baseMovementSpeedAttribute, true, false, grounded, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    public static GroundMovementContext sneaking(double movementSpeedAttribute) {
+        return new GroundMovementContext(movementSpeedAttribute, 0.3, false, true, true, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    public static GroundMovementContext withEffects(double baseMovementSpeedAttribute, boolean sprinting,
+            boolean sneaking, boolean grounded, int speedAmplifier, int slownessAmplifier) {
+        double effectiveAttribute = baseMovementSpeedAttribute;
+        if (sprinting) effectiveAttribute *= SPRINT_MULTIPLIER;
+        if (speedAmplifier >= 0) effectiveAttribute *= 1.0 + 0.20 * (speedAmplifier + 1);
+        if (slownessAmplifier >= 0) {
+            effectiveAttribute *= Math.max(0.10, 1.0 - 0.15 * (slownessAmplifier + 1));
+        }
+        return new GroundMovementContext(effectiveAttribute, 0.3, sprinting, sneaking, grounded,
+                speedAmplifier, slownessAmplifier);
+    }
+
+    public double expectedSpeed() {
+        // Bukkit's effective MOVEMENT_SPEED value already includes sprint and potion modifiers.
+        double expected = movementSpeedAttribute * ATTRIBUTE_TO_BLOCKS_PER_TICK;
+        if (sneaking) expected *= sneakingMultiplier;
+        if (!grounded) expected *= AIRBORNE_MOMENTUM_MULTIPLIER;
+        return expected;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/GroundSpeedEvidence.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/GroundSpeedEvidence.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43d24ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/GroundSpeedEvidence.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package games.dmg.purpursentinel;
+
+public record GroundSpeedEvidence(
+        DetectionSignal signal,
+        int breachCount,
+        double evidenceAgeSeconds,
+        double observedSpeed,
+        double expectedLimit,
+        double ratio,
+        ExclusionReason currentExclusion,
+        double cooldownRemainingSeconds) {
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/InspectionSnapshot.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/InspectionSnapshot.java
index 5ede968..c828dd6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/InspectionSnapshot.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/InspectionSnapshot.java
@@ -7,11 +7,18 @@ public record InspectionSnapshot(
         double capturedLimit,
         ExclusionReason currentExclusion,
         double cooldownRemainingSeconds,
-        FlightEvidence flightEvidence) {
+        FlightEvidence flightEvidence,
+        GroundSpeedEvidence contextualEvidence) {
 
     public InspectionSnapshot(int breachCount, double evidenceAgeSeconds, double peakSpeed, double capturedLimit,
             ExclusionReason currentExclusion, double cooldownRemainingSeconds) {
         this(breachCount, evidenceAgeSeconds, peakSpeed, capturedLimit,
-                currentExclusion, cooldownRemainingSeconds, null);
+                currentExclusion, cooldownRemainingSeconds, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public InspectionSnapshot(int breachCount, double evidenceAgeSeconds, double peakSpeed, double capturedLimit,
+            ExclusionReason currentExclusion, double cooldownRemainingSeconds, FlightEvidence flightEvidence) {
+        this(breachCount, evidenceAgeSeconds, peakSpeed, capturedLimit,
+                currentExclusion, cooldownRemainingSeconds, flightEvidence, null);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementDetector.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementDetector.java
index c2f7e7e..ff9226a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementDetector.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementDetector.java
@@ -21,27 +21,36 @@ public final class MovementDetector {
             state.graceThroughTick = Math.max(state.graceThroughTick, sample.tick() + settings.exemptionGraceTicks());
             return Optional.empty();
         }
-        if (sample.tick() <= state.graceThroughTick) {
-            return Optional.empty();
-        }
+        if (sample.tick() <= state.graceThroughTick) return Optional.empty();
         state.currentExclusion = ExclusionReason.NONE;
-        if (sample.horizontalDistance() <= settings.horizontalSpeedLimit()) {
-            return Optional.empty();
-        }
-        if (state.evidence.size() == MAX_EVIDENCE_PER_PLAYER) {
-            state.evidence.removeFirst();
-        }
-        state.evidence.addLast(new Breach(
-                sample.observedAtNanos(),
-                sample.observedAtNanos() + seconds(settings.evidenceWindowSeconds()),
-                sample.horizontalDistance(),
-                settings.horizontalSpeedLimit()));
-        if (state.evidence.size() < settings.breachesToAlert() || sample.observedAtNanos() < state.cooldownUntilNanos) {
+
+        boolean absolute = sample.horizontalDistance() > settings.horizontalSpeedLimit();
+        double expectedLimit = sample.groundContext() == null ? Double.NaN : sample.groundContext().expectedSpeed();
+        boolean contextual = Double.isFinite(expectedLimit)
+                && sample.horizontalDistance() > expectedLimit * settings.contextualSpeedRatio()
+                && sample.horizontalDistance() - expectedLimit > settings.contextualMinimumExcess();
+        if (!absolute && !contextual) return Optional.empty();
+
+        var breach = new Breach(sample.observedAtNanos(),
+                sample.observedAtNanos() + seconds(settings.evidenceWindowSeconds()), sample.horizontalDistance(), 0);
+        if (absolute) add(state.absoluteEvidence,
+                breach.withCapturedLimit(settings.horizontalSpeedLimit()));
+        if (contextual) add(state.contextualEvidence, breach.withCapturedLimit(expectedLimit));
+
+        boolean absoluteReady = absolute && state.absoluteEvidence.size() >= settings.breachesToAlert();
+        boolean contextualReady = contextual && state.contextualEvidence.size() >= settings.breachesToAlert();
+        if ((!absoluteReady && !contextualReady) || sample.observedAtNanos() < state.cooldownUntilNanos) {
             return Optional.empty();
         }
         state.cooldownUntilNanos = sample.observedAtNanos() + seconds(settings.alertCooldownSeconds());
-        var peak = state.evidence.stream().max(Comparator.comparingDouble(Breach::speed)).orElseThrow();
-        return Optional.of(new AlertDecision(playerId, state.evidence.size(), peak.speed(), peak.capturedLimit()));
+        if (absoluteReady) {
+            var peak = state.absoluteEvidence.stream().max(Comparator.comparingDouble(Breach::speed)).orElseThrow();
+            return Optional.of(AlertDecision.absolute(playerId, state.absoluteEvidence.size(),
+                    peak.speed(), peak.capturedLimit(), settings.evidenceWindowSeconds()));
+        }
+        var peak = state.contextualEvidence.stream().max(Comparator.comparingDouble(Breach::ratio)).orElseThrow();
+        return Optional.of(AlertDecision.contextual(playerId, state.contextualEvidence.size(), peak.speed(),
+                peak.capturedLimit(), settings.evidenceWindowSeconds()));
     }
 
     public void exempt(UUID playerId, int currentTick, long nowNanos, ExclusionReason reason, SentinelSettings settings) {
@@ -53,65 +62,78 @@ public final class MovementDetector {
 
     public Optional<InspectionSnapshot> inspect(UUID playerId, long nowNanos) {
         var state = players.get(playerId);
-        if (state == null) {
-            return Optional.empty();
-        }
+        if (state == null) return Optional.empty();
         expire(state, nowNanos);
-        if (state.evidence.isEmpty()) {
-            return Optional.empty();
+        if (state.absoluteEvidence.isEmpty() && state.contextualEvidence.isEmpty()) return Optional.empty();
+        GroundSpeedEvidence contextual = snapshot(state.contextualEvidence, DetectionSignal.CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED,
+                state, nowNanos).orElse(null);
+        if (state.absoluteEvidence.isEmpty()) {
+            return Optional.of(new InspectionSnapshot(0, 0, 0, 0, state.currentExclusion,
+                    cooldown(state, nowNanos), null, contextual));
         }
-        var first = state.evidence.getFirst();
-        var peak = state.evidence.stream().max(Comparator.comparingDouble(Breach::speed)).orElseThrow();
-        return Optional.of(new InspectionSnapshot(
-                state.evidence.size(),
-                Math.max(0, nowNanos - first.observedAtNanos()) / 1_000_000_000.0,
-                peak.speed(),
-                peak.capturedLimit(),
-                state.currentExclusion,
-                Math.max(0, state.cooldownUntilNanos - nowNanos) / 1_000_000_000.0));
+        var first = state.absoluteEvidence.getFirst();
+        var peak = state.absoluteEvidence.stream().max(Comparator.comparingDouble(Breach::speed)).orElseThrow();
+        return Optional.of(new InspectionSnapshot(state.absoluteEvidence.size(), age(first, nowNanos),
+                peak.speed(), peak.capturedLimit(), state.currentExclusion, cooldown(state, nowNanos),
+                null, contextual));
     }
 
     public void cleanup(int currentTick, long nowNanos) {
         players.entrySet().removeIf(entry -> {
             var state = entry.getValue();
             expire(state, nowNanos);
-            return state.evidence.isEmpty() && state.cooldownUntilNanos <= nowNanos
-                    && currentTick > state.graceThroughTick;
+            return state.absoluteEvidence.isEmpty() && state.contextualEvidence.isEmpty()
+                    && state.cooldownUntilNanos <= nowNanos && currentTick > state.graceThroughTick;
         });
     }
 
-    public void forget(UUID playerId) {
-        players.remove(playerId);
-    }
-
-    public void clear() {
-        players.clear();
-    }
-
-    int trackedPlayerCount() {
-        return players.size();
-    }
-
+    public void forget(UUID playerId) { players.remove(playerId); }
+    public void clear() { players.clear(); }
+    int trackedPlayerCount() { return players.size(); }
     int evidenceCount(UUID playerId) {
         var state = players.get(playerId);
-        return state == null ? 0 : state.evidence.size();
+        return state == null ? 0 : state.absoluteEvidence.size() + state.contextualEvidence.size();
     }
 
-    private static long seconds(int value) {
-        return value * 1_000_000_000L;
+    private static Optional<GroundSpeedEvidence> snapshot(ArrayDeque<Breach> evidence, DetectionSignal signal,
+            PlayerState state, long nowNanos) {
+        if (evidence.isEmpty()) return Optional.empty();
+        var peak = evidence.stream().max(Comparator.comparingDouble(Breach::ratio)).orElseThrow();
+        return Optional.of(new GroundSpeedEvidence(signal, evidence.size(), age(evidence.getFirst(), nowNanos),
+                peak.speed(), peak.capturedLimit(), peak.ratio(), state.currentExclusion,
+                cooldown(state, nowNanos)));
     }
 
+    private static void add(ArrayDeque<Breach> evidence, Breach breach) {
+        if (evidence.size() == MAX_EVIDENCE_PER_PLAYER) evidence.removeFirst();
+        evidence.addLast(breach);
+    }
+
+    private static long seconds(int value) { return value * 1_000_000_000L; }
+    private static double age(Breach first, long nowNanos) {
+        return Math.max(0, nowNanos - first.observedAtNanos()) / 1_000_000_000.0;
+    }
+    private static double cooldown(PlayerState state, long nowNanos) {
+        return Math.max(0, state.cooldownUntilNanos - nowNanos) / 1_000_000_000.0;
+    }
     private static void expire(PlayerState state, long nowNanos) {
-        while (!state.evidence.isEmpty() && state.evidence.getFirst().expiresAtNanos() <= nowNanos) {
-            state.evidence.removeFirst();
-        }
+        expire(state.absoluteEvidence, nowNanos);
+        expire(state.contextualEvidence, nowNanos);
+    }
+    private static void expire(ArrayDeque<Breach> evidence, long nowNanos) {
+        while (!evidence.isEmpty() && evidence.getFirst().expiresAtNanos() <= nowNanos) evidence.removeFirst();
     }
 
     private record Breach(long observedAtNanos, long expiresAtNanos, double speed, double capturedLimit) {
+        Breach withCapturedLimit(double value) {
+            return new Breach(observedAtNanos, expiresAtNanos, speed, value);
+        }
+        double ratio() { return speed / capturedLimit; }
     }
 
     private static final class PlayerState {
-        private final ArrayDeque<Breach> evidence = new ArrayDeque<>();
+        private final ArrayDeque<Breach> absoluteEvidence = new ArrayDeque<>();
+        private final ArrayDeque<Breach> contextualEvidence = new ArrayDeque<>();
         private int graceThroughTick = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
         private long cooldownUntilNanos;
         private ExclusionReason currentExclusion = ExclusionReason.NONE;
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementFrame.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementFrame.java
index 846ac59..29a9804 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementFrame.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementFrame.java
@@ -11,8 +11,15 @@ public record MovementFrame(
         double fromZ,
         double toX,
         double toZ,
-        ExclusionReason reason) {
+        ExclusionReason reason,
+        GroundMovementContext groundContext) {
+    public MovementFrame(int tick, long observedAtNanos, UUID fromWorld, UUID toWorld,
+            double fromX, double fromZ, double toX, double toZ, ExclusionReason reason) {
+        this(tick, observedAtNanos, fromWorld, toWorld, fromX, fromZ, toX, toZ, reason, null);
+    }
+
     public MovementFrame withReason(ExclusionReason replacement) {
-        return new MovementFrame(tick, observedAtNanos, fromWorld, toWorld, fromX, fromZ, toX, toZ, replacement);
+        return new MovementFrame(tick, observedAtNanos, fromWorld, toWorld, fromX, fromZ, toX, toZ,
+                replacement, groundContext);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementMonitor.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementMonitor.java
index a8147f9..d8f4293 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementMonitor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementMonitor.java
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ public final class MovementMonitor {
         var evidence = movement.get();
         return Optional.of(new InspectionSnapshot(evidence.breachCount(), evidence.evidenceAgeSeconds(),
                 evidence.peakSpeed(), evidence.capturedLimit(), evidence.currentExclusion(),
-                evidence.cooldownRemainingSeconds(), flight.get()));
+                evidence.cooldownRemainingSeconds(), flight.get(), evidence.contextualEvidence()));
     }
 
     public void forget(UUID playerId) {
@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ public final class MovementMonitor {
                 !bucket.invalid,
                 bucket.reason == ExclusionReason.CANCELLED,
                 bucket.maximumDistance,
-                bucket.reason), bucket.settings);
+                bucket.reason,
+                bucket.groundContext), bucket.settings);
     }
 
     private static final class TickBucket {
@@ -106,6 +107,7 @@ public final class MovementMonitor {
         private final double anchorX;
         private final double anchorZ;
         private final SentinelSettings settings;
+        private final GroundMovementContext groundContext;
         private double lastX;
         private double lastZ;
         private double previousFromX;
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ public final class MovementMonitor {
             anchorX = frame.fromX();
             anchorZ = frame.fromZ();
             this.settings = settings;
+            groundContext = frame.groundContext();
             lastX = frame.fromX();
             lastZ = frame.fromZ();
             reason = ExclusionReason.NONE;
@@ -137,7 +140,8 @@ public final class MovementMonitor {
         void add(MovementFrame frame) {
             if (!world.equals(frame.toWorld()) || !world.equals(frame.fromWorld())
                     || !finite(frame.fromX(), frame.fromZ(), frame.toX(), frame.toZ())
-                    || !connected(frame.fromX(), frame.fromZ())) {
+                    || !connected(frame.fromX(), frame.fromZ())
+                    || !java.util.Objects.equals(groundContext, frame.groundContext())) {
                 invalid = true;
                 reason = ExclusionReason.INCOMPLETE;
                 return;
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementSample.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementSample.java
index ca1a046..e385a28 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementSample.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementSample.java
@@ -6,5 +6,10 @@ public record MovementSample(
         boolean complete,
         boolean cancelled,
         double horizontalDistance,
-        ExclusionReason exclusionReason) {
+        ExclusionReason exclusionReason,
+        GroundMovementContext groundContext) {
+    public MovementSample(int tick, long observedAtNanos, boolean complete, boolean cancelled,
+            double horizontalDistance, ExclusionReason exclusionReason) {
+        this(tick, observedAtNanos, complete, cancelled, horizontalDistance, exclusionReason, null);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelAlerts.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelAlerts.java
index 55f9fb9..0653522 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelAlerts.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelAlerts.java
@@ -16,8 +16,14 @@ final class SentinelAlerts {
         String message;
         if (alert.signal() == DetectionSignal.ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED) {
             message = String.format(Locale.ROOT,
-                    "[Sentinel] %s: %d movement breaches; peak %.2f blocks/tick vs captured limit %.2f. Use /sentinel inspect %s.",
-                    subject.getName(), alert.breachCount(), alert.peakSpeed(), alert.capturedLimit(), subject.getName());
+                    "[Sentinel] %s: ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED; %d movement breaches in %ds window; peak %.2f blocks/tick vs captured limit %.2f; ratio %.2f. Use /sentinel inspect %s.",
+                    subject.getName(), alert.breachCount(), alert.evidenceWindowSeconds(), alert.peakSpeed(),
+                    alert.capturedLimit(), alert.ratio(), subject.getName());
+        } else if (alert.signal() == DetectionSignal.CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED) {
+            message = String.format(Locale.ROOT,
+                    "[Sentinel] %s: CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED; %d breaches in %ds window; observed %.2f blocks/tick vs expected %.2f; ratio %.2f. Use /sentinel inspect %s.",
+                    subject.getName(), alert.breachCount(), alert.evidenceWindowSeconds(), alert.peakSpeed(),
+                    alert.capturedLimit(), alert.ratio(), subject.getName());
         } else {
             message = String.format(Locale.ROOT,
                     "[Sentinel] %s: %s; %d unsupported ticks; %.2f horizontal blocks; %.2f vertical blocks. Use /sentinel inspect %s.",
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelCommand.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelCommand.java
index 33829db..03c61e1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelCommand.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelCommand.java
@@ -102,11 +102,20 @@ public final class SentinelCommand implements CommandExecutor, TabCompleter {
                     flight.cruiseTicks(), flight.horizontalDistance(), flight.verticalDisplacement(),
                     flight.evidenceAgeSeconds(), flight.currentExclusion().description(),
                     flight.cooldownRemainingSeconds()));
+        } else if (evidence.contextualEvidence() != null) {
+            var contextual = evidence.contextualEvidence();
+            sender.sendMessage(String.format(Locale.ROOT,
+                    "%s: CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED; %d breaches; age %.1fs; observed %.2f blocks/tick; expected %.2f; ratio %.2f; exclusion %s; cooldown %.1fs; absolute breaches %d.",
+                    player.get().getName(), contextual.breachCount(), contextual.evidenceAgeSeconds(),
+                    contextual.observedSpeed(), contextual.expectedLimit(), contextual.ratio(),
+                    contextual.currentExclusion().description(), contextual.cooldownRemainingSeconds(),
+                    evidence.breachCount()));
         } else {
             sender.sendMessage(String.format(Locale.ROOT,
-                    "%s: %d breaches; age %.1fs; peak %.2f blocks/tick vs captured limit %.2f; exclusion %s; cooldown %.1fs.",
+                    "%s: %d breaches; ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED; age %.1fs; peak %.2f blocks/tick vs captured limit %.2f; ratio %.2f; exclusion %s; cooldown %.1fs.",
                     player.get().getName(), evidence.breachCount(), evidence.evidenceAgeSeconds(), evidence.peakSpeed(),
-                    evidence.capturedLimit(), evidence.currentExclusion().description(), evidence.cooldownRemainingSeconds()));
+                    evidence.capturedLimit(), evidence.peakSpeed() / evidence.capturedLimit(),
+                    evidence.currentExclusion().description(), evidence.cooldownRemainingSeconds()));
         }
         return true;
     }
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelSettings.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelSettings.java
index 88eea39..5fe357c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelSettings.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelSettings.java
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@ public record SentinelSettings(
         int unsupportedFlightTicks,
         int unsupportedHoverTicks,
         double unsupportedAscentBlocks,
-        double unsupportedCruiseBlocks) {
+        double unsupportedCruiseBlocks,
+        double contextualSpeedRatio,
+        double contextualMinimumExcess) {
 
     public SentinelSettings(double horizontalSpeedLimit, int breachesToAlert, int evidenceWindowSeconds,
             int alertCooldownSeconds, double minimumTps, int exemptionGraceTicks) {
         this(horizontalSpeedLimit, breachesToAlert, evidenceWindowSeconds, alertCooldownSeconds,
-                minimumTps, exemptionGraceTicks, 40, 30, 2.0, 10.0);
+                minimumTps, exemptionGraceTicks, 40, 30, 2.0, 10.0, 1.35, 0.10);
     }
 
     public SentinelSettings {
@@ -29,10 +31,12 @@ public record SentinelSettings(
         requireRange(unsupportedHoverTicks, 10, 200, "unsupported-hover-ticks");
         requireFiniteRange(unsupportedAscentBlocks, 0.5, 20.0, "unsupported-ascent-blocks");
         requireFiniteRange(unsupportedCruiseBlocks, 2.0, 100.0, "unsupported-cruise-blocks");
+        requireFiniteRange(contextualSpeedRatio, 1.05, 3.00, "contextual-speed-ratio");
+        requireFiniteRange(contextualMinimumExcess, 0.01, 1.00, "contextual-minimum-excess");
     }
 
     public static SentinelSettings defaults() {
-        return new SentinelSettings(0.80, 6, 10, 60, 18.0, 20, 40, 30, 2.0, 10.0);
+        return new SentinelSettings(0.80, 6, 10, 60, 18.0, 20, 40, 30, 2.0, 10.0, 1.35, 0.10);
     }
 
     private static void requireRange(int value, int minimum, int maximum, String key) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingKey.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingKey.java
index 11c6ee4..79a8612 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingKey.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingKey.java
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ public enum SettingKey {
     UNSUPPORTED_FLIGHT_TICKS("unsupported-flight-ticks", "10", "200", true),
     UNSUPPORTED_HOVER_TICKS("unsupported-hover-ticks", "10", "200", true),
     UNSUPPORTED_ASCENT_BLOCKS("unsupported-ascent-blocks", "0.5", "20.0", false),
-    UNSUPPORTED_CRUISE_BLOCKS("unsupported-cruise-blocks", "2.0", "100.0", false);
+    UNSUPPORTED_CRUISE_BLOCKS("unsupported-cruise-blocks", "2.0", "100.0", false),
+    CONTEXTUAL_SPEED_RATIO("contextual-speed-ratio", "1.05", "3.00", false),
+    CONTEXTUAL_MINIMUM_EXCESS("contextual-minimum-excess", "0.01", "1.00", false);
 
     private final String key;
     private final String minimum;
diff --git a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingsService.java b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingsService.java
index b775c45..839b228 100644
--- a/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingsService.java
+++ b/src/main/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingsService.java
@@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ public final class SettingsService {
                 optionalInteger(values, SettingKey.UNSUPPORTED_FLIGHT_TICKS, 40),
                 optionalInteger(values, SettingKey.UNSUPPORTED_HOVER_TICKS, 30),
                 optionalDecimal(values, SettingKey.UNSUPPORTED_ASCENT_BLOCKS, 2.0),
-                optionalDecimal(values, SettingKey.UNSUPPORTED_CRUISE_BLOCKS, 10.0));
+                optionalDecimal(values, SettingKey.UNSUPPORTED_CRUISE_BLOCKS, 10.0),
+                optionalDecimal(values, SettingKey.CONTEXTUAL_SPEED_RATIO, 1.35),
+                optionalDecimal(values, SettingKey.CONTEXTUAL_MINIMUM_EXCESS, 0.10));
     }
 
     private static Object parseValue(SettingKey key, String value) {
@@ -108,6 +110,8 @@ public final class SettingsService {
             case UNSUPPORTED_HOVER_TICKS -> Integer.toString(settings.unsupportedHoverTicks());
             case UNSUPPORTED_ASCENT_BLOCKS -> decimal(settings.unsupportedAscentBlocks(), 1);
             case UNSUPPORTED_CRUISE_BLOCKS -> decimal(settings.unsupportedCruiseBlocks(), 1);
+            case CONTEXTUAL_SPEED_RATIO -> decimal(settings.contextualSpeedRatio(), 2);
+            case CONTEXTUAL_MINIMUM_EXCESS -> decimal(settings.contextualMinimumExcess(), 2);
         };
     }
 
diff --git a/src/main/resources/config.yml b/src/main/resources/config.yml
index fe9d66c..4a517ff 100644
--- a/src/main/resources/config.yml
+++ b/src/main/resources/config.yml
@@ -8,3 +8,5 @@ unsupported-flight-ticks: 40
 unsupported-hover-ticks: 30
 unsupported-ascent-blocks: 2.0
 unsupported-cruise-blocks: 10.0
+contextual-speed-ratio: 1.35
+contextual-minimum-excess: 0.10
diff --git a/src/nativeTest/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/PluginLifecycleTest.java b/src/nativeTest/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/PluginLifecycleTest.java
index fc84885..43b69fa 100644
--- a/src/nativeTest/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/PluginLifecycleTest.java
+++ b/src/nativeTest/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/PluginLifecycleTest.java
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
 import org.bukkit.GameMode;
 import org.bukkit.Location;
 import org.bukkit.Server;
+import org.bukkit.attribute.Attribute;
+import org.bukkit.attribute.AttributeInstance;
 import org.bukkit.World;
 import org.bukkit.command.PluginCommand;
 import org.bukkit.entity.Player;
@@ -90,6 +92,10 @@ class PluginLifecycleTest {
         when(subject.isOnline()).thenReturn(true);
         when(subject.getGameMode()).thenReturn(GameMode.SURVIVAL);
         when(subject.getPose()).thenReturn(Pose.STANDING);
+        when(subject.isOnGround()).thenReturn(true);
+        var movement = mock(AttributeInstance.class);
+        when(movement.getValue()).thenReturn(0.1);
+        when(subject.getAttribute(Attribute.MOVEMENT_SPEED)).thenReturn(movement);
         when(subject.getLocation()).thenReturn(new Location(world, 0, 64, 0));
         when(operator.hasPermission("sentinel.alerts")).thenReturn(true);
         when(operator.hasPermission("sentinel.inspect")).thenReturn(true);
@@ -114,7 +120,8 @@ class PluginLifecycleTest {
             }
             verify(operator).sendMessage(argThat((String message) -> message.contains("6 movement breaches")));
             assertTrue(command.execute(operator, "sentinel", new String[]{"inspect", "Alex"}));
-            verify(operator).sendMessage(argThat((String message) -> message.startsWith("Alex: 6 breaches")));
+            verify(operator).sendMessage(argThat((String message) -> message.startsWith("Alex: CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED")
+                    && message.contains("absolute breaches 6")));
             assertEquals(List.of("inspect"), command.tabComplete(operator, "sentinel", new String[]{"in"}));
             assertEquals(List.of("unsupported-flight-ticks"),
                     command.tabComplete(operator, "sentinel", new String[]{"config", "unsupported-f"}));
@@ -133,6 +140,30 @@ class PluginLifecycleTest {
         }
     }
 
+    @Test void nativeAttributesAndPotionAmplifiersFeedTheContextEnvelope() {
+        var player = mock(Player.class);
+        var movement = mock(AttributeInstance.class);
+        var sneaking = mock(AttributeInstance.class);
+        when(movement.getValue()).thenReturn(0.15);
+        when(sneaking.getValue()).thenReturn(0.4);
+        when(player.getAttribute(Attribute.MOVEMENT_SPEED)).thenReturn(movement);
+        when(player.getAttribute(Attribute.SNEAKING_SPEED)).thenReturn(sneaking);
+        when(player.isSprinting()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(player.isOnGround()).thenReturn(false);
+        when(player.getActivePotionEffects()).thenReturn(java.util.Set.of(
+                new org.bukkit.potion.PotionEffect(org.bukkit.potion.PotionEffectType.SPEED, 100, 2)));
+
+        var context = BukkitMovementListener.groundContext(player);
+
+        assertNotNull(context);
+        assertEquals(0.15, context.movementSpeedAttribute(), 1e-9);
+        assertEquals(0.4, context.sneakingMultiplier(), 1e-9);
+        assertTrue(context.sprinting());
+        assertFalse(context.grounded());
+        assertEquals(2, context.speedAmplifier());
+        assertEquals(-1, context.slownessAmplifier());
+    }
+
     @Test void invalidStartupConfigurationRegistersNothing() throws Exception {
         Files.writeString(directory.toPath().resolve("config.yml"), "minimum-tps: bad\n");
         var server = mock(Server.class);
diff --git a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/BukkitMovementListenerTest.java b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/BukkitMovementListenerTest.java
index 7a1e46e..ad6ccc7 100644
--- a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/BukkitMovementListenerTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/BukkitMovementListenerTest.java
@@ -40,6 +40,49 @@ class BukkitMovementListenerTest {
         assertTrue(fixture.monitor.inspect(fixture.player.getUniqueId(), 100_000_000L).isEmpty(), name);
     }
 
+    @Test void registeredMovementPathCapturesServerAuthoritativeGroundContext() {
+        var fixture = fixture();
+        fixture.groundContext.set(GroundMovementContext.sprinting(0.15, false));
+
+        for (int tick = 1; tick <= 3; tick++) {
+            when(fixture.server.getCurrentTick()).thenReturn(tick);
+            fixture.listener.onMove(move(fixture.player, fixture.world, 0, 0.79, false));
+            fixture.monitor.finishBefore(tick + 1, (tick + 1) * 50_000_000L);
+        }
+
+        var evidence = fixture.monitor.inspect(fixture.player.getUniqueId(), 200_000_000L)
+                .orElseThrow().contextualEvidence();
+        assertEquals(3, evidence.breachCount());
+        assertEquals(DetectionSignal.CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED, evidence.signal());
+        assertTrue(evidence.expectedLimit() > 0.15);
+    }
+
+    @Test void speedAndSlownessAreModeledWhileOtherEffectsRemainExcluded() {
+        var fixture = fixture();
+        fixture.groundContext.set(GroundMovementContext.withEffects(0.1, false, false, true, 2, -1));
+
+        fixture.listener.onMove(move(fixture.player, fixture.world, 0, 0.45, false));
+        fixture.monitor.finishBefore(2, 100_000_000L);
+        assertTrue(fixture.monitor.inspect(fixture.player.getUniqueId(), 100_000_000L).isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test void ambiguousNativeStatesExcludeContextualEvidence() {
+        for (var arrange : java.util.List.<java.util.function.Consumer<Fixture>>of(
+                f -> when(f.player.isInsideVehicle()).thenReturn(true),
+                f -> when(f.player.isGliding()).thenReturn(true),
+                f -> when(f.player.isSwimming()).thenReturn(true),
+                f -> when(f.player.isClimbing()).thenReturn(true),
+                f -> when(f.player.isRiptiding()).thenReturn(true),
+                f -> when(f.player.getAllowFlight()).thenReturn(true),
+                f -> when(f.server.getTPS()).thenReturn(new double[]{17.9, 20, 20}))) {
+            var fixture = fixture();
+            arrange.accept(fixture);
+            fixture.listener.onMove(move(fixture.player, fixture.world, 0, 0.79, false));
+            fixture.monitor.finishBefore(2, 100_000_000L);
+            assertTrue(fixture.monitor.inspect(fixture.player.getUniqueId(), 100_000_000L).isEmpty());
+        }
+    }
+
     @Test void unsupportedSurvivalMovementFeedsFlightEvidenceWithoutTrustingFlyingAsAuthorization() {
         var fixture = fixture();
         when(fixture.player.isFlying()).thenReturn(true);
@@ -139,9 +182,10 @@ class BukkitMovementListenerTest {
         when(player.getPose()).thenReturn(Pose.STANDING);
         var monitor = new MovementMonitor(new MovementDetector());
         var clock = new AtomicLong(50_000_000L);
+        var groundContext = new java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference<>(GroundMovementContext.walking(0.1));
         var listener = new BukkitMovementListener(server, monitor, () -> SETTINGS, clock::get,
-                (from, to) -> true, location -> support);
-        return new Fixture(server, world, player, monitor, listener);
+                (from, to) -> true, location -> support, ignored -> groundContext.get());
+        return new Fixture(server, world, player, monitor, listener, groundContext);
     }
 
     private static PlayerMoveEvent move(Player player, World world, double from, double to, boolean cancelled) {
@@ -150,5 +194,7 @@ class BukkitMovementListenerTest {
         return event;
     }
 
-    private record Fixture(Server server, World world, Player player, MovementMonitor monitor, BukkitMovementListener listener) {}
+    private record Fixture(Server server, World world, Player player, MovementMonitor monitor,
+            BukkitMovementListener listener,
+            java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference<GroundMovementContext> groundContext) {}
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/ContextualGroundSpeedTest.java b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/ContextualGroundSpeedTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ae2a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/ContextualGroundSpeedTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package games.dmg.purpursentinel;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+class ContextualGroundSpeedTest {
+    private static final UUID WORLD = UUID.randomUUID();
+    private static final SentinelSettings SETTINGS = SentinelSettings.defaults();
+
+    @Test void repeatedModerateOverspeedAlertsBelowAbsoluteThreshold() {
+        var monitor = new MovementMonitor(new MovementDetector());
+        var player = UUID.randomUUID();
+        var walking = GroundMovementContext.walking(0.1);
+
+        for (int tick = 1; tick <= 5; tick++) {
+            record(monitor, player, tick, 0.34, walking);
+            assertTrue(monitor.finishBefore(tick + 1, nanos(tick + 1)).isEmpty());
+        }
+        record(monitor, player, 6, 0.34, walking);
+        var alert = monitor.finishBefore(7, nanos(7)).getFirst();
+
+        assertEquals(DetectionSignal.CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED, alert.signal());
+        assertEquals(6, alert.breachCount());
+        assertEquals(0.34, alert.peakSpeed(), 1e-9);
+        assertEquals(0.22, alert.capturedLimit(), 1e-9);
+        assertEquals(0.34 / 0.22, alert.ratio(), 1e-9);
+        assertTrue(alert.peakSpeed() < SETTINGS.horizontalSpeedLimit());
+    }
+
+    @Test void ratioAndMinimumExcessMustBothBeExceeded() {
+        var monitor = new MovementMonitor(new MovementDetector());
+        var walking = GroundMovementContext.walking(0.1);
+        var player = UUID.randomUUID();
+
+        IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 10).forEach(tick -> {
+            record(monitor, player, tick, 0.30, walking); // Ratio exceeds 1.35, excess is only 0.08.
+            assertTrue(monitor.finishBefore(tick + 1, nanos(tick + 1)).isEmpty());
+        });
+        assertTrue(monitor.inspect(player, nanos(11)).isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test void legalLocomotionContextsDoNotCreateEvidence() {
+        var contexts = new GroundMovementContext[] {
+                GroundMovementContext.walking(0.1),
+                GroundMovementContext.sprinting(0.1, true),
+                GroundMovementContext.sneaking(0.1),
+                GroundMovementContext.walking(0.15),
+                GroundMovementContext.withEffects(0.1, false, false, true, 1, -1),
+                GroundMovementContext.withEffects(0.1, false, false, true, -1, 1)
+        };
+        double[] legalSpeeds = {0.22, 0.37, 0.07, 0.33, 0.31, 0.16};
+
+        for (int index = 0; index < contexts.length; index++) {
+            var monitor = new MovementMonitor(new MovementDetector());
+            var player = UUID.randomUUID();
+            for (int tick = 1; tick <= 10; tick++) {
+                record(monitor, player, tick, legalSpeeds[index], contexts[index]);
+                assertTrue(monitor.finishBefore(tick + 1, nanos(tick + 1)).isEmpty());
+            }
+            assertTrue(monitor.inspect(player, nanos(11)).isEmpty(), "context " + index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test void effectiveAttributeIsNotDoubleCountedWithStateMetadata() {
+        var context = new GroundMovementContext(0.13, 0.3, true, false, true, 1, -1);
+        assertEquals(0.13 * 2.2, context.expectedSpeed(), 1e-9);
+    }
+
+    @Test void everySupportedPotionAmplifierChangesTheExpectedEnvelope() {
+        for (int amplifier = 0; amplifier <= 4; amplifier++) {
+            double expected = 0.22 * (1.0 + 0.20 * (amplifier + 1));
+            assertEquals(expected,
+                    GroundMovementContext.withEffects(0.1, false, false, true, amplifier, -1).expectedSpeed(),
+                    1e-9, "speed amplifier " + amplifier);
+        }
+        for (int amplifier = 0; amplifier <= 3; amplifier++) {
+            double expected = 0.22 * Math.max(0.10, 1.0 - 0.15 * (amplifier + 1));
+            assertEquals(expected,
+                    GroundMovementContext.withEffects(0.1, false, false, true, -1, amplifier).expectedSpeed(),
+                    1e-9, "slowness amplifier " + amplifier);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test void absoluteSafeguardRemainsIndependentOfContextualEnvelope() {
+        var monitor = new MovementMonitor(new MovementDetector());
+        var player = UUID.randomUUID();
+        var fastAttribute = GroundMovementContext.walking(0.5);
+
+        for (int tick = 1; tick <= 6; tick++) {
+            record(monitor, player, tick, 0.90, fastAttribute);
+        }
+        var alerts = monitor.finishBefore(7, nanos(7));
+        assertEquals(1, alerts.size());
+        var alert = alerts.getFirst();
+        assertEquals(DetectionSignal.ABSOLUTE_GROUND_SPEED, alert.signal());
+        assertNull(monitor.inspect(player, nanos(7)).orElseThrow().contextualEvidence(),
+                "legal context remains legal while the independent absolute ceiling alerts");
+        assertEquals(0.80, alert.capturedLimit(), 1e-9);
+    }
+
+    @Test void exclusionClearsActiveContextWhilePreservingBoundedPriorEvidence() {
+        var detector = new MovementDetector();
+        var player = UUID.randomUUID();
+        var context = GroundMovementContext.walking(0.1);
+        detector.observe(player, new MovementSample(1, nanos(1), true, false, 0.34,
+                ExclusionReason.NONE, context), SETTINGS);
+        detector.observe(player, new MovementSample(2, nanos(2), true, false, 2.0,
+                ExclusionReason.ENVIRONMENT, null), SETTINGS);
+
+        var snapshot = detector.inspect(player, nanos(2)).orElseThrow().contextualEvidence();
+        assertEquals(1, snapshot.breachCount());
+        assertEquals(ExclusionReason.ENVIRONMENT, snapshot.currentExclusion());
+    }
+
+    @Test void oneSpikeDuplicateEventsBrokenChainsAndCleanupCannotInflateEvidence() {
+        var monitor = new MovementMonitor(new MovementDetector());
+        var player = UUID.randomUUID();
+        var context = GroundMovementContext.walking(0.1);
+        monitor.record(player, frame(1, 0, 0.34, context), SETTINGS);
+        monitor.record(player, frame(1, 0, 0.34, context), SETTINGS);
+        monitor.finishBefore(2, nanos(2));
+        assertEquals(1, monitor.inspect(player, nanos(2)).orElseThrow().contextualEvidence().breachCount());
+
+        monitor.record(player, frame(2, 0.34, 0.68, context), SETTINGS);
+        monitor.record(player, frame(2, 5, 5.34, context), SETTINGS);
+        monitor.finishBefore(3, nanos(3));
+        assertEquals(1, monitor.inspect(player, nanos(3)).orElseThrow().contextualEvidence().breachCount());
+
+        monitor.forget(player);
+        assertTrue(monitor.inspect(player, nanos(3)).isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    private static void record(MovementMonitor monitor, UUID player, int tick, double distance,
+            GroundMovementContext context) {
+        monitor.record(player, frame(tick, 0, distance, context), SETTINGS);
+    }
+
+    private static MovementFrame frame(int tick, double from, double to, GroundMovementContext context) {
+        return new MovementFrame(tick, nanos(tick), WORLD, WORLD, from, 0, to, 0,
+                ExclusionReason.NONE, context);
+    }
+
+    private static long nanos(int tick) {
+        return tick * 50_000_000L;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/DistributionTest.java b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/DistributionTest.java
index 26df0a5..342a84f 100644
--- a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/DistributionTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/DistributionTest.java
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ class DistributionTest {
             assertTrue(config.contains("unsupported-hover-ticks: 30"));
             assertTrue(config.contains("unsupported-ascent-blocks: 2.0"));
             assertTrue(config.contains("unsupported-cruise-blocks: 10.0"));
+            assertTrue(config.contains("contextual-speed-ratio: 1.35"));
+            assertTrue(config.contains("contextual-minimum-excess: 0.10"));
             var entry = jar.getEntry("games/dmg/purpursentinel/PurpurSentinelPlugin.class");
             assertNotNull(entry);
             try (var bytes = new DataInputStream(jar.getInputStream(entry))) {
diff --git a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementEnvironmentTest.java b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementEnvironmentTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc2d1f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/MovementEnvironmentTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package games.dmg.purpursentinel;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.bukkit.Location;
+import org.bukkit.Material;
+import org.bukkit.World;
+import org.bukkit.block.Block;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+class MovementEnvironmentTest {
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "{0}") @MethodSource("ambiguousMaterials")
+    void ambiguousMovementGeometryIsNeverOrdinary(Material material) {
+        var world = mock(World.class);
+        when(world.isChunkLoaded(anyInt(), anyInt())).thenReturn(true);
+        var block = mock(Block.class);
+        when(block.getType()).thenReturn(material);
+        when(block.isLiquid()).thenReturn(material == Material.WATER || material == Material.LAVA);
+        when(world.getBlockAt(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt())).thenReturn(block);
+
+        assertFalse(MovementEnvironment.isOrdinary(new Location(world, 0.5, 64, 0.5)));
+    }
+
+    @org.junit.jupiter.api.Test void unloadedGeometryIsUnknownRatherThanLegal() {
+        var world = mock(World.class);
+        when(world.isChunkLoaded(anyInt(), anyInt())).thenReturn(false);
+        assertFalse(MovementEnvironment.isOrdinary(new Location(world, 0.5, 64, 0.5)));
+        verify(world, never()).getBlockAt(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    private static Stream<Material> ambiguousMaterials() {
+        return Stream.of(Material.ICE, Material.PACKED_ICE, Material.BLUE_ICE, Material.SLIME_BLOCK,
+                Material.HONEY_BLOCK, Material.SOUL_SAND, Material.SOUL_SOIL, Material.WATER,
+                Material.LADDER, Material.PISTON, Material.MOVING_PISTON);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelAlertsTest.java b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelAlertsTest.java
index 7b4374e..afe7ff5 100644
--- a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelAlertsTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelAlertsTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,27 @@ class SentinelAlertsTest {
         verify(server, never()).getConsoleSender();
     }
 
+    @Test @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+    void contextualAlertNamesSignalExpectedLimitRatioAndWindowWithoutCoordinates() {
+        var server = mock(Server.class);
+        var subject = mock(Player.class);
+        var operator = mock(Player.class);
+        var id = UUID.randomUUID();
+        when(server.getPlayer(id)).thenReturn(subject);
+        when(subject.isOnline()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(subject.getName()).thenReturn("Alex");
+        when(operator.hasPermission("sentinel.alerts")).thenReturn(true);
+        doReturn((java.util.Collection) List.of(operator)).when(server).getOnlinePlayers();
+
+        new SentinelAlerts(server).send(AlertDecision.contextual(id, 6, 0.34, 0.22, 10));
+
+        verify(operator).sendMessage(argThat((String message) -> message.contains("CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED")
+                && message.contains("0.34") && message.contains("0.22") && message.contains("1.55")
+                && message.contains("6 breaches") && message.contains("10s window")
+                && !message.contains("x=") && !message.contains("z=")
+                && !message.toLowerCase().contains("cheat")));
+    }
+
     @Test @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
     void flightAlertNamesSignalAndBoundedDisplacementWithoutAccusingOrReportingCoordinates() {
         var server = mock(Server.class);
diff --git a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelCommandTest.java b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelCommandTest.java
index abb80f0..beac218 100644
--- a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelCommandTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SentinelCommandTest.java
@@ -35,6 +35,25 @@ class SentinelCommandTest {
         verify(denied).sendMessage("You do not have permission to inspect Sentinel evidence.");
     }
 
+    @Test void inspectDistinguishesContextualFromAbsoluteEvidence() throws Exception {
+        var fixture = fixture();
+        var target = online(fixture.server, "Runner");
+        var sender = permitted("sentinel.inspect");
+        var context = GroundMovementContext.walking(0.1);
+        var world = UUID.randomUUID();
+        for (int tick = 1; tick <= 6; tick++) {
+            fixture.monitor.record(target.getUniqueId(), new MovementFrame(tick, tick * 50_000_000L,
+                    world, world, 0, 0, 0.34, 0, ExclusionReason.NONE, context), fixture.settings.current());
+            fixture.monitor.finishBefore(tick + 1, (tick + 1) * 50_000_000L);
+        }
+
+        fixture.command.onCommand(sender, mock(Command.class), "sentinel", new String[]{"inspect", "Runner"});
+        verify(sender).sendMessage(argThat((String message) -> message.contains("CONTEXTUAL_GROUND_SPEED")
+                && message.contains("6 breaches") && message.contains("observed 0.34")
+                && message.contains("expected 0.22") && message.contains("ratio 1.55")
+                && message.contains("exclusion none") && message.contains("cooldown")));
+    }
+
     @Test void inspectDistinguishesUnknownOfflineAndNoCurrentEvidenceWithoutMutation() throws Exception {
         var fixture = fixture();
         var sender = permitted("sentinel.inspect");
diff --git a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingsServiceTest.java b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingsServiceTest.java
index cb63eba..298618f 100644
--- a/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingsServiceTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/games/dmg/purpursentinel/SettingsServiceTest.java
@@ -91,6 +91,27 @@ class SettingsServiceTest {
                 () -> service.update(SettingKey.UNSUPPORTED_CRUISE_BLOCKS, "101"));
     }
 
+    @Test void contextualThresholdsDefaultLoadPersistAndRemainBackwardCompatible() throws Exception {
+        var file = directory.resolve("config.yml");
+        AtomicYamlSettingsStore.writeDefaults(file);
+        var service = SettingsService.load(new AtomicYamlSettingsStore(file));
+        assertEquals(1.35, service.current().contextualSpeedRatio(), 1e-9);
+        assertEquals(0.10, service.current().contextualMinimumExcess(), 1e-9);
+        assertEquals("1.50", service.update(SettingKey.CONTEXTUAL_SPEED_RATIO, "1.50"));
+        assertEquals("0.15", service.update(SettingKey.CONTEXTUAL_MINIMUM_EXCESS, "0.15"));
+        assertEquals(service.current(), SettingsService.load(new AtomicYamlSettingsStore(file)).current());
+
+        var old = directory.resolve("old.yml");
+        Files.writeString(old, "horizontal-speed-limit: 0.8\nbreaches-to-alert: 6\n"
+                + "evidence-window-seconds: 10\nalert-cooldown-seconds: 60\n"
+                + "minimum-tps: 18.0\nexemption-grace-ticks: 20\n");
+        byte[] before = Files.readAllBytes(old);
+        var compatible = SettingsService.load(new AtomicYamlSettingsStore(old));
+        assertEquals(1.35, compatible.current().contextualSpeedRatio(), 1e-9);
+        assertEquals(0.10, compatible.current().contextualMinimumExcess(), 1e-9);
+        assertArrayEquals(before, Files.readAllBytes(old));
+    }
+
     @Test void malformedStartupConfigurationFailsBeforeUse() throws Exception {
         var file = directory.resolve("config.yml");
         AtomicYamlSettingsStore.writeDefaults(file);